import os
if 'PYGAME_HIDE_SUPPORT_PROMPT' not in os.environ:
os.environ['PYGAME_HIDE_SUPPORT_PROMPT'] = '1'
import pygame
import time
import numpy as np
[docs]class ImageViewer:
"""
Interface to pygame for visualizing plain images.
"""
[docs] def __init__(self, size, dt):
"""
Constructor.
Args:
size ([list, tuple]): size of the displayed image;
dt (float): duration of a control step.
"""
self._size = size
self._dt = dt
self._initialized = False
self._screen = None
[docs] def display(self, img):
"""
Display given frame.
Args:
img: image to display.
"""
if not self._initialized:
pygame.init()
self._initialized = True
if self._screen is None:
self._screen = pygame.display.set_mode(self._size)
img = np.transpose(img, (1, 0, 2))
surf = pygame.surfarray.make_surface(img)
self._screen.blit(surf, (0, 0))
pygame.display.flip()
time.sleep(self._dt)
@property
def size(self):
return self._size
[docs]class Viewer:
"""
Interface to pygame for visualizing mushroom native environments.
"""
[docs] def __init__(self, env_width, env_height, width=500, height=500,
background=(0, 0, 0)):
"""
Constructor.
Args:
env_width (int): The x dimension limit of the desired environment;
env_height (int): The y dimension limit of the desired environment;
width (int, 500): width of the environment window;
height (int, 500): height of the environment window;
background (tuple, (0, 0, 0)): background color of the screen.
"""
self._size = (width, height)
self._width = width
self._height = height
self._screen = None
self._ratio = np.array([width / env_width, height / env_height])
self._background = background
self._initialized = False
@property
def screen(self):
"""
Property.
Returns:
The screen created by this viewer.
"""
if not self._initialized:
pygame.init()
self._initialized = True
if self._screen is None:
self._screen = pygame.display.set_mode(self._size)
return self._screen
@property
def size(self):
"""
Property.
Returns:
The size of the screen.
"""
return self._size
[docs] def line(self, start, end, color=(255, 255, 255), width=1):
"""
Draw a line on the screen.
Args:
start (np.ndarray): starting point of the line;
end (np.ndarray): end point of the line;
color (tuple (255, 255, 255)): color of the line;
width (int, 1): width of the line.
"""
start = self._transform(start)
end = self._transform(end)
pygame.draw.line(self.screen, color, start, end, width)
[docs] def square(self, center, angle, edge, color=(255, 255, 255), width=0):
"""
Draw a square on the screen and apply a roto-translation to it.
Args:
center (np.ndarray): the center of the polygon;
angle (float): the rotation to apply to the polygon;
edge (float): length of an edge;
color (tuple, (255, 255, 255)) : the color of the polygon;
width (int, 0): the width of the polygon line, 0 to fill the
polygon.
"""
edge_2 = edge / 2
points = [[edge_2, edge_2],
[edge_2, -edge_2],
[-edge_2, -edge_2],
[-edge_2, edge_2]]
self.polygon(center, angle, points, color, width)
[docs] def polygon(self, center, angle, points, color=(255, 255, 255), width=0):
"""
Draw a polygon on the screen and apply a roto-translation to it.
Args:
center (np.ndarray): the center of the polygon;
angle (float): the rotation to apply to the polygon;
points (list): the points of the polygon w.r.t. the center;
color (tuple, (255, 255, 255)) : the color of the polygon;
width (int, 0): the width of the polygon line, 0 to fill the
polygon.
"""
poly = list()
for point in points:
point = self._rotate(point, angle)
point += center
point = self._transform(point)
poly.append(point)
pygame.draw.polygon(self.screen, color, poly, width)
[docs] def circle(self, center, radius, color=(255, 255, 255), width=0):
"""
Draw a circle on the screen.
Args:
center (np.ndarray): the center of the circle;
radius (float): the radius of the circle;
color (tuple, (255, 255, 255)): the color of the circle;
width (int, 0): the width of the circle line, 0 to fill the circle.
"""
center = self._transform(center)
radius = int(radius * self._ratio[0])
pygame.draw.circle(self.screen, color, center, radius, width)
[docs] def arrow_head(self, center, scale, angle, color=(255, 255, 255)):
"""
Draw an harrow head.
Args:
center (np.ndarray): the position of the arrow head;
scale (float): scale of the arrow, correspond to the length;
angle (float): the angle of rotation of the angle head;
color (tuple, (255, 255, 255)): the color of the arrow.
"""
points = [[-0.5 * scale, -0.5 * scale],
[-0.5 * scale, 0.5 * scale],
[0.5 * scale, 0]]
self.polygon(center, angle, points, color)
[docs] def force_arrow(self, center, direction, force, max_force,
max_length, color=(255, 255, 255), width=1):
"""
Draw a force arrow, i.e. an arrow representing a force. The
length of the arrow is directly proportional to the force value.
Args:
center (np.ndarray): the point where the force is applied;
direction (np.ndarray): the direction of the force;
force (float): the applied force value;
max_force (float): the maximum force value;
max_length (float): the length to use for the maximum force;
color (tuple, (255, 255, 255)): the color of the arrow;
width (int, 1): the width of the force arrow.
"""
length = force / max_force * max_length
if length != 0:
c = self._transform(center)
direction = direction / np.linalg.norm(direction)
end = center + length * direction
e = self._transform(end)
delta = e - c
pygame.draw.line(self.screen, color, c, e, width)
self.arrow_head(end, max_length / 4, np.arctan2(delta[1], delta[0]),
color)
[docs] def torque_arrow(self, center, torque, max_torque,
max_radius, color=(255, 255, 255), width=1):
"""
Draw a torque arrow, i.e. a circular arrow representing a torque. The
radius of the arrow is directly proportional to the torque value.
Args:
center (np.ndarray): the point where the torque is applied;
torque (float): the applied torque value;
max_torque (float): the maximum torque value;
max_radius (float): the radius to use for the maximum torque;
color (tuple, (255, 255, 255)): the color of the arrow;
width (int, 1): the width of the torque arrow.
"""
angle_end = 3 * np.pi / 2 if torque > 0 else 0
angle_start = 0 if torque > 0 else np.pi / 2
radius = abs(torque) / max_torque * max_radius
r = int(radius * self._ratio[0])
if r != 0:
c = self._transform(center)
rect = pygame.Rect(c[0] - r, c[1] - r, 2 * r, 2 * r)
pygame.draw.arc(self.screen, color, rect,
angle_start, angle_end, width)
arrow_center = center
arrow_center[1] -= radius * np.sign(torque)
arrow_scale = radius / 4
self.arrow_head(arrow_center, arrow_scale, 0, color)
[docs] def background_image(self, img):
"""
Use the given image as background for the window, rescaling it
appropriately.
Args:
img: the image to be used.
"""
surf = pygame.surfarray.make_surface(img)
surf = pygame.transform.smoothscale(surf, self.size)
self.screen.blit(surf, (0, 0))
[docs] def function(self, x_s, x_e, f, n_points=100, width=1, color=(255, 255, 255)):
"""
Draw the graph of a function in the image.
Args:
x_s (float): starting x coordinate;
x_e (float): final x coordinate;
f (function): the function that maps x coorinates into y
coordinates;
n_points (int, 100): the number of segments used to approximate the
function to draw;
width (int, 1): thw width of the line drawn;
color (tuple, (255,255,255)): the color of the line.
"""
x = np.linspace(x_s, x_e, n_points)
y = f(x)
points = [self._transform([a, b]) for a, b in zip(x,y)]
pygame.draw.lines(self.screen, color, False, points, width)
[docs] def display(self, s):
"""
Display current frame and initialize the next frame to the background
color.
Args:
s: time to wait in visualization.
"""
pygame.display.flip()
time.sleep(s)
self.screen.fill(self._background)
[docs] def close(self):
"""
Close the viewer, destroy the window.
"""
self._screen = None
pygame.display.quit()
def _transform(self, p):
return np.array([p[0] * self._ratio[0],
self._height - p[1] * self._ratio[1]]).astype(int)
@staticmethod
def _rotate(p, theta):
return np.array([np.cos(theta) * p[0] - np.sin(theta) * p[1],
np.sin(theta) * p[0] + np.cos(theta) * p[1]])